Adenoidectomy due to obstructive neonatal adenoid hypertrophy secondary to cytomegalovirus infection in an 8-week-old infant

Summary 

Adenoid hypertrophy is a common feature of childhood. It is thought to be caused by the antigen stimulated increased activity of B lymphocytes. Obstructive adenoid hypertrophy on the other hand is extremely rare in the neonatal period. We present a 2-month-old female patient with difficulty in nasal breathing due to obstructive adenoid hypertrophy. Endoscopic examination, tissue removal and biopsy was performed. Lymphoid hyperplasia and inclusion-bearing cytomegalic cells within the endothelium were seen in the histopathologic examination. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection of the nasopharynx is very rare. An adenoidectomy was performed and the symptoms of the patients were immediately disappeared. To our knowledge this is the youngest case with CMV related adenoid hypertrophy necessitating adenoidectomy.

Keywords: Neonatal adenoid hypertrophy, Cytomegalovirus (CMV), Adenoidectomy