Pediatric plastic bronchitis: A case report and literature review

Plastic bronchitis is a rare condition characterized by inspissated endobronchial casts that can lead to respiratory distress and even death. We present a case of plastic bronchitis in a previously healthy two-year-old girl. Bronchoscopy revealed the characteristic inspissated endobronchial cast. With removal of the obstructive airway debris, her clinical condition rapidly improved. A review of the literature was performed to elucidate the etiology, pathogenesis, presentation, diagnosis, classification, and management of plastic bronchitis. Underlying etiologies include congenital heart disease, pulmonary disorders, and a few other conditions. Treatment includes rigid bronchoscopy with cast removal and treatment of the underlying condition.